The Potential of Malunggay Leaf Extract Essay Essay Example

?The Potential of Malunggay Leaf Extract Essay Paper Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though advancement in theoretical apprehension remained slow until the seventeenth and 18th centuries. Even so, practical applications for electricity were few, and it would non be until the late 19th century that applied scientists were able to set it to industrial and residential usage ( Jones, 1991 ) . The foundation of modern electrical scientific discipline was decidedly established in the Elizabethan Age ( hypertext transfer protocol: //inventors.about.com/cs/inventorsalphabet/a/electricity.htm ) . Scientists frequently depict it as the aureate age in English history. During this age, the start of the progress in electricity was made possible by William Gilbert. His book entitled â€Å"Magneticisique Corporibus† ( On the Magnet ) , influenced and inspired discoverers and scientists and was passed from coevals to coevals. Today, electricity is an indispensable portion of our day-to-day lives. We use electricity every twenty-four hours, in objects all around us. We will write a custom essay sample on ?The Potential of Malunggay Leaf Extract Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on ?The Potential of Malunggay Leaf Extract Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on ?The Potential of Malunggay Leaf Extract Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.engineeringinteract.org/resources/siliconspies/flash/concepts/electricity.htm ) With the progresss in engineering and the addition in population, electricity is truly in demand. To run into these demands, power workss make electricity out of other signifiers of energy. Most electricity in the U.S. today comes from change overing the heat energy released from firing fossil fuels- coal, natural gas and oil. The remainder is generated from atomic reactors and from renewable resources, such as sunshine, air current, falling H2O and geothermic heat. In a typical power works, a primary energy beginning like coal is burned to make heat, which is converted in a boiler to mechanical energy in the signifier of superheated, hard-hitting steam. The steam is directed into a turbine, where it pushes on blades attached to a cardinal shaft or rotor. The quickly whirling rotor powers a generator. Renewable beginnings of energy- sunshine, air current, falling H2O and geothermic heat- can diminish cost significantly but besides, might be harmful to the environment and to our welln ess. Mining Si to do silicon-based solar panels for illustration is an expensive procedure that emits a batch of C dioxide. Solar panels emit 100-300g of CO2/kWh. Aside from this, most chemicals used in doing solar panels are toxic. Examples are Crystalline Si ( c-Si ) , Cadmium telluride ( CdTe ) thin movie, Copper In selenide ( CIS ) and Copper In Ga ( di ) selenide ( CIGS ) . Many militants agreed that the usage of renewable beginnings of electricity were non that good for the environment but was still better than older polluting engineerings but, this does non halt us in happening a better beginning of electricity that can continue the environment and keep a healthy organic structure. Galvanic cells are another manner to bring forth electricity by chemical agencies. They harness the electrical energy available from the negatron transportation in a redox reaction to execute utile electrical work. A typical cell might dwell of two pieces of metal, one Zn and the other Cu, each is dissolved in a solution incorporating a dissolved salt of the corresponding metal. In a Galvanic cell, there are two end points or terminuss of a device that produces electrical current and these are the anode and the cathodes. Electrical current tallies from the positively charged terminus to the negatively charged terminus. The cathode is the terminus that attracts cations, or p ositive ions. To pull the cations, the terminuss must be negatively charged. Electrical current is the sum of charge that passes a fixed point per unit clip. The way of the current flow is the way a positive charge would travel. Electrons are negative, and will travel in the opposite way of current. Electrolytes are a compound that ionizes when dissolved in suited ionising dissolvers such as H2O. This includes most soluble salts, acids, and bases. Some gases such as H chloride, under conditions of high temperature or low force per unit area can besides work as electrolytes. Electrolytes are besides of import for our organic structure to work decently ( Dugdale III, 2011 ) . It affects the sum of H2O in your organic structure, the sourness of your blood ( pH ) , your musculus map, and other of import procedures. You lose electrolytes when you sweat. You must replace them by imbibing fluids. Common electrolytes include Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphorous, Potassium and Sodium. Malunggay ( Moringa Oleifera ) besides known as kamunngay or moringa is a multipurpose works, as the foliages, cods, fruits, flowers, roots and barks of the tree can be utilized ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.edlagman.com/moringa/moringa-health-benefits.htm ) . Scientific research confirms that these low foliages are a human dynamo of nutritionary value. Gram of gm, malunggay foliages contain: seven times the Vitamin C in oranges, four times the Calcium in milk, four times the Vitamin A in carrots, two times the protein in milk, and three times the Potassium in bananas. There are some surveies about malunggay’s potency as an alternate beginning of electricity such as Biofuel but the research worker has non found any survey of its possible as an alternate beginning of electricity used as the electrolyte in a Galvanic cell. Statement of the Problem The purpose of the survey is to prove the electrolytes in Malunggay ( Moringa Oleifera ) leaf extract for its possible as an alternate beginning of electricity. Specifically, it aimed to reply the undermentioned inquiries: 1. Can the 50 % and 100 % solution of the malunggay foliage infusion produce at least 1.5V of electricity? 2. Was there a important difference in footings of the electromotive force, current and power produced between the two solutions? 3. Does malunggay has a potency of being an alternate beginning of electricity? Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework Figure 1.1 Paradigm of the Control Set-up, Dependent and Independent Variable on the Potential of Malunggay as an Alternative Beginning of Electricity. Premises The followers were the premises used as the bases of the survey: 1. That all groups received equal sum of wet, temperature, sunshine and humidness throughout the experiment as they may impact each group’s capablenesss. 2. That the readyings of the solutions were accurately done. Hypothesiss The followers were the void hypotheses that will be accepted or rejected harmonizing to the consequences: 1. There is no important difference in footings of the electromotive force, current and power produced between the two solutions. 2. Malunggay has no potency of being an alternate beginning of electricity. Significance of the Study This survey was aimed to find the potency of malunggay as an alternate beginning of electricity. It is besides clearly stated that electricity is non inexpensive and, renewable and non-renewable beginnings of electricity might die and/or might impact our wellness and the environment. This survey will besides supply new thoughts and knowledge about electrolytes and the capacity of fruits and veggies to bring forth electricity. This survey might non merely salvage our money but this might besides salvage our Earth and besides aid in the decrease of the emanation of toxic stuffs in to the environment. Scope and Limitation of the Study This survey will be conducted at the researcher’s abode in M. Parras ext. , Tagbilaran City, Bohol for 7 yearss. The foliages of the malunggay that will be utilised and the tools and stuffs that will be used will be gathered from Tagbilaran City, Bohol. Definition of Key Footings Electrolytes. It refers to a substance that when dissolved in a suited dissolver or when fused becomes an ionic music director. Electrodes. It refers to the music directors that are used to set up electrical contact with a nonmetallic portion of a circuit. Glavanic cell. It refers to a cell where chemical reactions between dissimilar music directors through an electrolyte and a salt span produce electric energy. Anode. It is the negative terminus of a voltaic cell. It is the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidization occurs. Cathode. It is the positive terminus of a voltaic cell. It is the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which decrease occurs. Anions. The ion in an electrolyzed solution that migrates to the anode. Cations. The ion in an electrolyzed solution that migrates to the cathode. Concentration. The sum of a constituent in a given country or volume. Moringa oleifera. It refers to a works normally known as moringa in English and malunggay or kamunggay in Filipino. It is besides called as â€Å"Miracle Plant† because of its nutritionary value. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Moringa. Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of a monogeneric household, the Moringaceae, that is native to sub-Himalayan piece of lands of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan ( Fahey, 2005 ) . This rapidly-growing tree ( besides known as the horseradish tree, drumstick tree, benzolive tree, kelor, marango, mlonge, moonga, malunggay, ne’be’day, saijhan, sajna or Ben oil Tree ) , was utilized by ancient Romans, Greeks and Egyptians ; it is now widely cultivated and has become naturalized in many locations in the Torrid Zones. It is a perennial deal tree with lumber of low quality, but which for centuries has been advocated for traditional medicative and industrial utilizations. It is already an of import harvest in India, Ethiopia, the Philippines and Sudan, and is being grown in West, East and South Africa, tropical Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, Florida and the Pacific Islands. All parts of the moringa tree are comestible and have long b een consumed by worlds. Harmonizing to Fuglie ( 1999 ) , the many utilizations for moringa include: alley cropping ( biomass production ) , carnal eatage ( foliages and treated seed-cake ) , biogas ( from foliages ) , domestic cleansing agent ( crushed foliages ) , bluish dye ( wood ) , fencing ( populating trees ) , fertiliser ( seed-cake ) , foliar food ( juice expressed from the foliages ) , green manure ( from foliages ) , gum ( from tree short pantss ) , honey- and sugar cane juice- clarifier ( powdery seeds ) , honey ( flower nectar ) , medical specialty ( all works parts ) , cosmetic pictures, biopesticide ( soil incorporation of foliages to forestall seedling muffling off ) , mush ( wood ) , robe ( bark ) , tannic acid for tannic acid fells ( bark and gum ) , H2O purification ( powdery seeds ) . This tree has in recent times been advocated as an outstanding autochthonal beginning of extremely digestible protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin C, and carotenoids suited for use in many of the alleged â€Å"developi ng† parts of the universe where malnourishment is a major concern. Moringa trees have been used to battle malnutrition, particularly among babies and nursing female parents. Three non-governmental organisations in particular- Trees for life, Church World Service and Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization- have advocated moringa as â€Å"Leaves can be eaten fresh, cooked, or stored as dried pulverization for many months without infrigidation, and reportedly without loss of nutritionary value. Moringa is particularly promising as a nutrient beginning in the Torrid Zones because the tree is in full foliage at the terminal of the dry season when other nutrients are typically scarce. The specific constituents of moringa readyings that have been reported to hold hypotensive, anticancer, and antibacterial activity include benzyl isothiocyanate, niazimicin, pterygospermin, benzyl glucosinolate. Galvanic cell. Galvanic cells allow us to tackle the negatron flow in a redox reaction to execute utile work. Such cells find common usage as batteries, pH metres, and as fuel cells. The set-up of the cell, as seen in, requires that the oxidization and decrease half-reactions are connected by a wire and by a salt span or porous disc allows the transition of ions in solution to keep charge neutrality in each half cell. Electrolytes.

Breastfeeding in Public - Explaining Shame and Taboo

Breastfeeding in Public - Explaining Shame and Taboo On an almost weekly basis, there is a news story about a woman being kicked out of an establishment for breastfeeding her baby. Restaurants, public pools, churches, art museums, courts of law, schools, and retail stores, including Target, American Girl Store, and ironically, Victoria’s Secret, have all been sites of skirmishes over a woman’s right to nurse. Breastfeeding  anywhere, public or private, is a woman’s  legal right in all 50 states. In 2018, both Utah and Idaho passed laws protecting a woman’s right to nurse in public.  However, nursing women are regularly scolded, shamed, given the side-eye, harassed, embarrassed, and made to leave public and private spaces by those who find the practice inappropriate or incorrectly believe it to be illegal. When we consider this problem from the standpoint of rational thought, it makes absolutely no sense. Breastfeeding is a natural, necessary, and healthful part of human life. And, in the U.S., for these reasons, it is protected by law. So, why does a cultural taboo on nursing in public hold strong in the U.S.? Using  the sociological perspective  helps illuminate why this problem exists. Breasts as Sex Objects One need only examine a handful of accounts of confrontations or online comments to see a pattern. In nearly all cases, the person who asks the woman to leave or harasses her suggests that what she is doing is indecent, scandalous, or lewd. Some do this subtly, by suggesting that she â€Å"would be more comfortable† if she were hidden from the view of others, or by telling a woman that she must â€Å"cover up† or leave. Others are aggressive and overt, like the church official who derogatorily called a mother who nursed during services â€Å"a stripper.† Beneath comments like these is the idea that breastfeeding should be hidden from the view of others; that it is a private act and should be kept as such. From a sociological standpoint, this underlying notion tells us a lot about how people see and understand women and their breasts: as sex objects. Despite the fact that women’s breasts are biologically designed to nourish, they are universally framed as sex objects in our society. This is a frustratingly  arbitrary designation based on gender, which becomes clear when one considers that it is illegal for women to bare their breasts (really, their nipples) in public, but men, who also have breast tissue on their chests, are allowed to walk around shirt-free. We are a society awash in the sexualization of breasts. Their â€Å"sex appeal† is used to sell products, to make film and television appealing, and  to entice people to men’s sporting events, among other things. Because of this, women are often made to feel that they are doing something sexual anytime some of their breast tissue is visible. Women with larger breasts, which are hard to comfortably wrangle and cover, know well the stress of trying to hide them from view in an effort to not be harassed or judged as they  go about their daily lives. In the U.S., breasts are always and forever sexual, whether we want them to be or not. Women as Sex Objects So, what can we learn about U.S. society by examining the sexualization of breasts? Some pretty damning and disturbing stuff, it turns out, because when women’s bodies are sexualized, they become sex objects. When women are sex objects, we are meant to be seen, handled, and used for pleasure at the discretion of men. Women  are meant to be passive recipients of sex acts, not agents who decide when and where to make use of their  bodies. Framing women this way denies them  subjectivity- the recognition that they are people, and not objects- and takes away their rights to self-determination and freedom. Framing women as sex objects is an act of power, and so too is shaming women who nurse in public, because the real message delivered during these instances of harassment is this: â€Å"What you are doing is wrong, you are wrong to insist on doing it, and I am here to stop you.† At the root of this social problem is the belief that women’s sexuality is dangerous and bad. Womens sexuality is framed as having  the power to corrupt men and boys, and make them lose control (see the blame-the-victim ideology of  rape culture). It should be hidden from public view, and only expressed when invited or coerced by a man. U.S. society has an obligation to create a welcoming and comfortable climate for nursing mothers. To do so, we must decouple the breast,  and womens bodies in general,  from sexuality, and stop framing women’s sexuality as a problem to be contained. This post was written in support of National Breastfeeding  Month.

Crisis communications plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crisis communications plan - Essay Example Hence, appointing an experienced Public Relations Officer to take charge of CCP is vital to its success. A good crisis communication plan will contain the following key elements. First, it should have gotten the endorsement of the Director of Communications. Second, it should contain a list of clearly designated employee responsibilities. The information contained in the plan would have gone through verification and clearance checks. It will include a lits of media contact points and also contain details regarding local public health agencies. The plan will clearly identify who the spokesperson is going to be as well as identifying members of the Emergency Response Team. The efficiency and speed with which the crisis is dealt with is in itself a key element (and the first step) of a good plan. Later, the drawn up plans need to be communicated to the stakeholders through proper Public Relations procedures. This usually involves publication and coverage of the crisis in media outlets s uch as newspapers and television stations. In most instances, a crisis situation never gets covered in the media, probably because the story is not newsworthy.

Doxeys Irridex Model Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Doxeys Irridex Model - Assignment Example Still, it is recognized that there is minimal planning involved. An example of this occurs in regions where organized gambling becomes prohibited and casinos are opened; during the short-term residents enjoy the significant influx of income to the region. The second stage of the model is the apathy stage. During this stage, visitors are taken for granted and they become viewed as an opportunity for money-making. One recognizes that an example of this may occur in regions such as Orlando, Florida where the regular influx of tourists for the theme parks has become a common-place mean for local residents to profit. The third stage of Doxey’s Irridex Model is the annoyance phase. During this stage the residents of the tourist region have become annoyed with the influx of tourists, particularly during the peak season. This high amount of tourists is such that the residents’ regular course of activities is disrupted and there is a significant annoyance they correspondingly ex perience. One considers that this occurs in college towns with significant football programs. During the peak period of the season the influx of the tourists to view the game can eventually create a significant annoyance for local residents and a community that did not adequately plan for the incursion. The fourth stage of Doxey’s Irridex Model is the antagonism phase. During the antagonism phase open irritation occurs. This open irritation is espoused by residents who blame the tourists for increased levels of crime, traffic, and other problems that have overtaken the region. Still, during this phase their remains limited regional planning involved that accommodate the higher amount of tourists. The region implements more promotion to encourage tourists to off-set the feeling they may have of being cheated. One considers that regions of France may be in annoyance phase, as residents in this area have gained a significant reputation for being rude to visiting tourists and for eigners.

The Role of Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Role of Leader - Essay Example Leadership even motivates the people to improve their performance related to work and creates a positive change within an organisation. Leadership provides a new way of thinking as well as generate new ideas for effectiveness of the organizations in relation to the attainment of the organisational objectives. Leadership generally aims to bring out the best in people to make them work better and achieve a common goal (The ASPIRA Association, n.d.) In addition, leadership can also be referred as a function of creating a vision in order to obtain the desired objectives of the organisation successfully by guiding the workforce, communicating and even building trust among them and the leader so that they can work better (Oklahoma State University, 2006). The main aim of this paper is to understand different theories of leadership and their application in the organisation. Furthermore this paper will also describe the different role and style of leaders. Theories of Leadership The role of every leader is different from one another. Leaders are often observed to develop their own style of leadership and follow different leadership theories according to the requirement of the situation that they need to face in their organisations. In this regards, various theoretical frameworks or theories have been developed which explains some of the major leadership traits possessed by leaders. A few of the theories are Great man theory, Trait theory, Contingency theory, Transformational theory, Behavioural theory, and Transactional theory. According to great man theory, it is believed the people are born to lead. Leaders develop their own leadership qualities. This theory includes the members of high personality, industrial heads. On the other hand, trait theory is quite similar to the great man theory. The theory emphasizes on physical traits, tasks assigned to the leader, and social as well as personal ability of the leader among others in order to explain the leadership style. However, the contingency theory is more progressive. As per the contingency theory, leadership style should be consistent with the situation faced by the organisation to achieve the goals and objectives. In transformational theory the leaders are often observed to build a trust amid the organisational participants, motivate and engage with subordinates to increase the morality of the followers as well as the leader. The leaders also help the followers to develop their potentials and satisfy their needs with the aim to attain the desired organisational goal (Transformational Leadership, 2010). In the similar context, behavioural theory attempts to highlight the effectiveness of a leader. The behavioural theory mainly focuses on the perceptions, actions, and activities of an individual while performing any task, based on previous experience. This theory is a type of mental understanding which facilitates the actions of an entity. This theory also helps an individual or leader to take accurate decisions, which would be beneficial in accomplishing the assigned duties. It measures the confidence level and loyalty of the leader that how well they can lead and execute strategies into actions. In this theory it is believed that one has to learn effective leadership as human beings are not born with the required qualities of a good leader and thus need to develop the leadership qualit

Business environment facing lafarge cement of UK

Business environment facing lafarge cement of UK Introduction Lafarge has been a major player in the UK construction sector since entering the British market in 1987 acquiring Redland in 1997 and Blue Circle in 2001. Today, Lafarge is the market-leader in cement and holds top-ranking positions in aggregates, concrete and plasterboard. Lafarge has three sister companies in Britain Lafarge Cement UK, Lafarge Aggregates Concrete UK and Lafarge Plasterboard UK. Lafarge is passionate about customer care and proud of its active approach to sustainability and safety (Lafarge.co.uk 2009). This piece of work will explore the business environment facing Lafarge and establish a few strategic priorities going into the future. A Summary Statement of Findings This summary statement of findings analyses the UK construction industry, which is a major sector in the UK economy. The industry has a high political and social profile due to it key role in providing housing, its impact on the environment and its part as a major employer. It accounts for approximately 10% of the UK GDP and provides for over half its fixed capital investment. The industry experienced rapid growth in the 1980s but a recession in the early 1990s had severe repercussions resulting in its output plummeting, as show is Appendix . However, the volume of work already in progress cushioned the impact. The output of the UK construction industry increased from 55 million in the mid 1980s to an excess of  £110 million by 2007; a remarkable increase in real terms when considering the relative low levels of inflation. However, this increase all changed in 2008 as problems in the US sub-prime mortgage market triggered a catastrophic crash in the US banking sector, which in turn created problems in UK financial markets. This triggered a huge recession in the UK which sent the output of the UK Construction industry to fall 1.1% in 2008. The downside of the economic recession hit construction industry the hardest. This is as this industry runs on credit, more than others, and a credit squeeze affected it badly. Moreover, from the other side customers we re trying to spend as little as possible, squeezing the margins that construction companies were working on. Lafarges performance within the UK business environment during 2008 saw a decline as discussed in Appendix ?. This decline was caused by the recession that hit the UK market in early 2008; the construction sector shrank at its fastest pace since records began. This reduced government and public spending which had a major impact on Lafarge as less government spending meant less money went on the new infrastructure schemes which reduced Lafarge Contracting sales which in turn reduced material sales This had a big effect on Lafarge UK figures as they seen an immense slump in 2008 figures compared to what they were in 2007. A Review and Analysis into the Business Environment of the UK Construction Industry Business environment at Lafarge UK The best method to discover the happenings of a business environment around a company is to undertake a PESTEL analysis. By undertaking a PESTEL analysis it will help one to understand the environment within which Lafarge works better. Looking at the construction industry in general, some of the political issues surrounding them are: Political factors * The UK government is clearly pushing for more affordable housing within the country and this includes both public sector and private sector housing. So it can be said that good or decent housing needs to the people of the country is quite an important political issue. * The Government is involved with housing projects through private finance initiatives and public private partnerships, as these tend to be key aspects of housing projects involving financing, building and operating for these projects. This level of government involvement does mean that it has political implications like selecting projects or choosing partners as well as financial implications. * The UK construction industry is very large in terms of employment, revenue generation and importance to the economy. This high profile nature of the company means the Government usually takes its concerns very seriously and cannot afford to not be empathetic towards the industry. * The constantly spiralling prices of housing within the country points to the need of having affordable housing. Affordable housing schemes means more houses will be built and thus definitely have an impact on all parts of the construction industry including that of Lafarge. * The problem with a high profile industry is that it brings about a lot of regulations with it, thus needs like planning permission and so cause a lot of delay in projects involving a lot of debate and to some extent bureaucracy. Economic Factors  · The construction industry has a more than  £100 bn turnover and this making it one of the largest sectors of the country. This clearly specifies scope for Lafarge, especially as it has the reach and resources to be a big player within the industry.  · The downside of the economic recession has hit construction industry the hardest. This is as this industry runs on credit, more than others, and a credit squeeze affected it badly. Moreover, from the other side customers were trying to spend as little as possible, squeezing the margins that construction companies were working on. Although the economy is recovering but coming out of a long recession, the industry will take time to reach its pre recession levels.  · One of the implications of being part of the construction industrys that the Government is tightening the environmental norms all the time thus it adds to the financial burden of the company as they have to deal with directives, clauses and other pieces of legislation. Social Factors  · There is some skill shortage within the construction industry hence an effort is being made by all companies to hire young, talented people. This can affect Lafarge as they will need to invest time and money into the training of these individuals but as a long-term investment it is good for the company.  · The changes in society have been bringing about a change in the housing needs for people and fast. As more people are living alone, marrying later and old people living longer, distinct changes in housing pattern can be seen. This will increase the need for single occupancy housing thus this needs to be thought of by all constituents of the construction industry.  · With the ever increasing need for sustainable development, housing projects are affecting nearby retail, commercial and public buildings too. This again changes the way the industry functions or will do in the future. Technological Factors  · Regulations regarding buildings continue to add towards bettering energy efficiency and putting demand on other such technological factors in relation to buildings. This again adds to the financial burden of the companies like Lafarge and a major investment in RD results due to this.  · New and improved building materials are also a major research within the industry. The need of the hour is to come up with materials that are sustainable, good for the environment but still functional. Hence work is being carried out to satisfy the next generation of demands.  · Methods that are being used within the industry to build houses are giving rise to new methods of assembly and modulation. New improvements include developing structured insulated panels that provide thermally insulated sheet materials. For further information, Appendix offers a further review and analysis into the business environment of the UK construction industry. Lafarge does operate within the larger construction industry sector; however this section will explore the building materials sector, which is Lafarges core operating territory. This section will look at the environment for that particular sector. Sector overview As hinted in the last section that construction industry is undergoing a lot many changes and the building materials sector is no different. As emerging markets become urbanized and their demand for materials grows, so does the need to align to these markets. Within the more developed economies, environment and sustainability have become major points and as people gain awareness, companies like Lafarge will need to take those demands into consideration. Some of the key strategic directions taken by Lafarge are: Expansion of emerging markets There has been a thorough realignment in favour of emerging economies both in Europe and abroad. Around the world, cement production is growing at 5% each year which means that every year 100 million tones of cement is being consumed. Reports show that 70% of world demand is going to come from these sectors hence Lafarge will need to make itself a leading player in these markets. Lafarges current strategy in this regard is quite good, as it has acquired a lot of Cement companies in every region around the world. In fact including Asia, Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, this region contributes to 37% of its turnover and nearly half of its cement turnover. Lafarge is without doubt moving towards a strategy of more value creation. To elaborate, its programs are creating nearly 50 million tonnes of additional cement capacity by 2012. This is in addition to the aggregates and gypsum business. Reducing costs There are a lot of general costs associated with the manufacture of building products and can be broken down as follows: Energy accounts for 33% of the cost of producing cement, Raw materials (more than 50% of which are cement) represent 75% of the cost of ready-mix concrete Delivery expenses account for approximately 20% of the cost, raw materials (primarily gypsum and paper) represent 40% of the cost of plasterboard, energy, raw materials and labour represent 50% of the cost of producing aggregates. Lafarge will need to reduce all costs associated with material manufacture, especially considering the economic crisis in general. It has already started a program that reduces costs by à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬200 million by the start of 2010 and over a period of three years, a cost cutting of nearly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬400 million. (see appendix ?) This is in addition to the cost cutting exercise over 2006-08 of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬400 million. It has also put a cap on expenditure at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2 billion for 2009. These new financial initiatives have completely set Lafarge in a new strategic direction. Cost cutting will definitely improving the companys financial health and enable it to operate on better margins. Reducing environmental footprint of Lafarge operations If one looks at the industry in general there is a lot of waste production along with pollution, dust and other harmful ingredients in the atmosphere. Those materials that are waste derived are actively needed by the cement industry. These are used as replacement for fossil fuel and other raw materials. This measure is only taken forward if the materials can be safe to use and are of high technical quality. Along with all of this if the regulatory norms are met then these materials can be used and are a boon for the industry. The entire industry is now using over 1.4 million tonnes of waste this way and a major contributor in helping the UK government to meet its environmental targets. Coming back to Lafarge, it has been trying to reduce CO2 it produces and emits in accordance to the regulations set by governments all around the world. The current strategy of Lafarge is to improving its material making processes including modernizing plants. It also is rapidly propagating the use of alternative fuels for its production. Another important step taken by the company is moving towards sustainable construction. Building or construction of any sort does lead to consumption of huge swathes of energy and nearly 40% of all CO2 can be attributed to it. Lafarge is working hard at making better buildings using better materials and processes. Lafarge is looking at changing the lifecycle of making building products and incorporating using recyclable materials and renewable energy in order to reduce pollution. Evaluating the future impact of the UK business environment on Lafarge Some important themes have emerged from the previous sections of this piece of work that will help one to recommend future strategies to Lafarge. As far as strategic direction goes Lafarge has to align the company in two directions: First, it needs to keep investing in the emerging markets by strategically acquiring cement companies or starting Greenfield projects if needed. Its taking over of Orascom cement clearly shows that organic growth is important for the company and needs to continue in the same vein. (see appendix ?) Second, innovation via investment in RD is crucial for its long-term benefit. As companies and people grow more aware of the issues surrounding the environment, recyclable and sustainable practices, including materials processes, production needs to be incorporated. This will require a lot of effort and investment as well as a new way of thinking. Other than these main priorities the company can look at other strategic priorities for its operations. These include reducing costs further to enhance the value of the company. Lean operations within this sector will it streamline its operations. In addition, Health safety remains a big area to improve on and such activities will definitely strengthen its position in the market. Conclusion This piece of work looked at the construction industry in the UK and Lafarge materials in particular, to understand the way in which its business environment affects its operations. The work conducted a PESTEL analysis to understand the main challenges facing the construction industry in general. It then went on to conduct a sector overview of the building materials industry, where Lafarge truly operates. One also explored the strategic initiatives started by Lafarge. Finally, based on the current and future trends recommendations were made on Lafarges future strategy. REFERENCES: * Accountancy Ireland (2006), February, Vol. 38, No.1 * Anonymous Contract Journal (2006), September, ABI/INFORM Trade Industry Contract Journal, February, Vol. 442, No. 6664 * Druker, J. and White, G. (1995), Misunderstood and undervalued? Personnel management in construction, Human Resource Management Journal, 5:3, pp. 77-91. * Hollinshead, G., Nicholls, P. and Tailby, S. (1999), Employee Relations, Financial Times/Pitman, London. * Lafarge (2009). www.lafarge..co.uk [Online].[Accessed 12th Januray 2010]. * Mineral Products Association(2008). Performance 2008: A sector plan report from the cement industry. * Oxley R., Poskitt J. (1996), Management Techniques Applied to Construction Industry, Blackwell Publishing, Fifth Edition. Identifying and applying suitable business performance measures to Lafarge Lafarge had an average current ratio in 2007 in relation to its market but this decreased in 2008. Lafarges low current ratio indicates that it barely has sufficient assets available to pay its liabilities. There are many things Lafarge could do to raise there current ratio which are increasing its current assets from loans or other borrowings with a maturity of more than one year, convert non-current assets into current assets or putting profits back into the business could help. Lafarges debtor ratio represents a longer then average duration in obtaining payment for its debts owed compared to that of rival company Aggregate Industries Ltd. This indicates a struggle to obtain payment for work completed, or highlights a need to offer costly credit terms to compete with its rivals. Imposing stricter credit controls can help reduce Lafarges debtor days and improve cash flow. Alternatively, creditor ratio suggests Lafarge are paying there creditors to promptly the creditor ratio is below the market average and Lafarge are not taking advantage of the free cash flow the creditors offer. This could cause working capital issues. Lafarges weak working capital results over the past two year indicate they do not have the liquidity to meet outstanding obligations. Lafarges cash outflow is quicker than its cash inflow. However the debt to equity ratio suggests otherwise. Lafarge has no long term debt indicating strong financial strength as they can always take up debt in future to fund potential projects. A strong interest cover over 2007/2008 indicate that Lafarge has enough equity to pay its loan interest and meet its legal obligations. A zero dividend yield indicates that Lafarges shares have not matured over the past two years. Potential share holders may be discouraged by this. Its strong acid test ratio proves that current assets are not dependable on inventory-which shows strong financial integrity. A negative return on capitally employed questions Lafarges performance, although they have a strong equity base they are still making a loss. Its declining trading profit margin solidifies this by suggesting a potential loss of competitive advantage. A healthy year on year performance in return on equity indicates a strong level of profitability, high market valuation and utilization of its invested capital. A steady low dividend figure along with stable profit levels indicate a good record of using its retained earnings to generate future growth and profits. For further information, Appendix offer a complete evaluation, as well as the subsequent results of Lafarges business performance.

Welfare Essay -- essays papers

Welfare1 The United States or The United Welfare States - A Cost Benefit Analysis The role of welfare within our society has always been controversial. This problem emphasizes the need to understand the roles of variable factors when pertaining to the subject of welfare within our society. The proposed analysis will address the phenomenon of welfare assistance and several factors which may contribute to the increase or decrease of welfare assistance to the poor in 4 ways: (1) by defining major concepts and any other concepts about which there is likely to be misunderstanding, (2) by further examining the past history pertaining to the subject of welfare assistance within the United States, (3) by developing the formulation of a hypothesis which will provide for an explanation of welfare, and finally (4) determining whether or not the benefits of welfare assistance outweigh the cost. Ultimately, the purpose of this research analysis is to investigate variable factors that may contribute to the increase or decrease of welfare assistance. This cost benefit analy sis is an attempt to explain the tentative assumptions of others pertaining to the subject of welfare, in order to determine and explain the relationship of welfare to the economic cost and benefits. Cost-Benefit Analysis before welfare assistance can be analyzed there is a need to define the terms that will be used. Policies like welfare assistance are worthwhile only if the benefits to society are greater than the costs. When choosing among a set of policies, the policy with the greatest net benefit (benefit over cost) should be chosen. Hence, this is where the term cost-benefit analysis comes from. Cost-benefit analysis is a technique for determining the optimal level of an economic activity such as welfare. In general, an activity such as welfare assistance should be expanded as long as it leads to greater benefits than costs. In purely economic terms, does the benefit of welfare assistance justify the costs of welfare assistance? (Mishan 13) Why Use Cost-benefit Analysis? Sin ce 1981, government agencies have been required to perform cost-benefit analyses called Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIA's) for all major regulations within the United States. Many statutes require that cost-benefit analysis be undertaken and the results be reported to Congress (Mishan 2). Cost-benefit analysis can... ...ning have proven to help alleviate and shrink the welfare rolls. Do the benefits of endorsing welfare assistance programs outweigh the cost? Cost benefit analysis shows that as long as the government can stay on track with the new social welfare reform measures that have taken place over the past few years, then yes it is beneficial. However, when the day comes that it is no longer beneficial to support such programs should society follow economic indicators or follow its moral obligations? Work Cited Schiller, Bradley R. The Economy Today. 7th Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 1997. Mishan, Edward J. Cost-Benefit Analysis. New York: Praegor Publishers, 1976. Sharp, Ansel, Charles, Register, and Paul, Grimes. Economics of Social Issues. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 1998. Rowley, Charles, and Alan Peacock. Welfare Economics. London: Martin Robertson & Co. Ltd., 1975. Smith, Russell, and Dorothy, Zietz. American Social Welfare Institutions. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990. Myles, John, and Paul Pierson. Friedman's revenge: the reform of "liberal" welfare in Canada and the United States. Politics & Society, Dec 1997 v25 n4 p443 (30). Welfare Essay -- essays papers Welfare1 The United States or The United Welfare States - A Cost Benefit Analysis The role of welfare within our society has always been controversial. This problem emphasizes the need to understand the roles of variable factors when pertaining to the subject of welfare within our society. The proposed analysis will address the phenomenon of welfare assistance and several factors which may contribute to the increase or decrease of welfare assistance to the poor in 4 ways: (1) by defining major concepts and any other concepts about which there is likely to be misunderstanding, (2) by further examining the past history pertaining to the subject of welfare assistance within the United States, (3) by developing the formulation of a hypothesis which will provide for an explanation of welfare, and finally (4) determining whether or not the benefits of welfare assistance outweigh the cost. Ultimately, the purpose of this research analysis is to investigate variable factors that may contribute to the increase or decrease of welfare assistance. This cost benefit analy sis is an attempt to explain the tentative assumptions of others pertaining to the subject of welfare, in order to determine and explain the relationship of welfare to the economic cost and benefits. Cost-Benefit Analysis before welfare assistance can be analyzed there is a need to define the terms that will be used. Policies like welfare assistance are worthwhile only if the benefits to society are greater than the costs. When choosing among a set of policies, the policy with the greatest net benefit (benefit over cost) should be chosen. Hence, this is where the term cost-benefit analysis comes from. Cost-benefit analysis is a technique for determining the optimal level of an economic activity such as welfare. In general, an activity such as welfare assistance should be expanded as long as it leads to greater benefits than costs. In purely economic terms, does the benefit of welfare assistance justify the costs of welfare assistance? (Mishan 13) Why Use Cost-benefit Analysis? Sin ce 1981, government agencies have been required to perform cost-benefit analyses called Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIA's) for all major regulations within the United States. Many statutes require that cost-benefit analysis be undertaken and the results be reported to Congress (Mishan 2). Cost-benefit analysis can... ...ning have proven to help alleviate and shrink the welfare rolls. Do the benefits of endorsing welfare assistance programs outweigh the cost? Cost benefit analysis shows that as long as the government can stay on track with the new social welfare reform measures that have taken place over the past few years, then yes it is beneficial. However, when the day comes that it is no longer beneficial to support such programs should society follow economic indicators or follow its moral obligations? Work Cited Schiller, Bradley R. The Economy Today. 7th Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 1997. Mishan, Edward J. Cost-Benefit Analysis. New York: Praegor Publishers, 1976. Sharp, Ansel, Charles, Register, and Paul, Grimes. Economics of Social Issues. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 1998. Rowley, Charles, and Alan Peacock. Welfare Economics. London: Martin Robertson & Co. Ltd., 1975. Smith, Russell, and Dorothy, Zietz. American Social Welfare Institutions. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990. Myles, John, and Paul Pierson. Friedman's revenge: the reform of "liberal" welfare in Canada and the United States. Politics & Society, Dec 1997 v25 n4 p443 (30).

Strategic Plan

Using what you have identified in DQ 1 as a base, what elements are important when attempting to change an ingrained behavior in a company (e. g. improve customer service). (Hint: Insert the strategic planning process in your answer). How does identifying the best plan for this involve aspects of scientific and human management? Improving customer service is the one of the keys to success in healthcare facility. Ingrained behaviors of the healthcare professionals can hinder success. If the patients, families, community, and the list goes on are not happy with a healthcare facility it can cause some real problems for the facility. Any facility that has problems with ongoing ingrained behaviors need to revise their strategic plan and fix the problem. The key elements to strategic planning is the mission, objectives, plan of action, resources needed, plan how to measure the performance, and evaluation plan. The mission statement needs focus on the expectations of how the employees will act when working in the organization. The objective should be produced by the staff that will be monitoring it. The objective needs be attainable and clear on the focus of behaviors. The action plan is coming up with steps on how to reach goal of the objectives. This is good place for coming up with ideas on how to change the ingrained behaviors and throw out the old plans that are not working. The resources is a big part of the strategic plan because this where the facility comes up with resources they may need to complete the action plan. The resources for changing ingrained behavior could be education, money needed for the changes, and so forth. The evaluation system is where the strategic plan is being monitor for effectiveness. Ways to evaluate if the strategic plan is successful for changing ingrained behaviors is through random audits in the facility watching employees, doing a survey, talking with the stakeholders of the facility to see if they have noticed a change (Liebler & McConnell, 2008 5th ed. ). The scientific management examines improving work place performance with using easy elements and systems. This type of plan should be used when it comes to changing work place behaviors because one of its focuses is on performances in work place (â€Å"Scientific Management Progression in Hr†, 2008). Strategic Plan Using what you have identified in DQ 1 as a base, what elements are important when attempting to change an ingrained behavior in a company (e. g. improve customer service). (Hint: Insert the strategic planning process in your answer). How does identifying the best plan for this involve aspects of scientific and human management? Improving customer service is the one of the keys to success in healthcare facility. Ingrained behaviors of the healthcare professionals can hinder success. If the patients, families, community, and the list goes on are not happy with a healthcare facility it can cause some real problems for the facility. Any facility that has problems with ongoing ingrained behaviors need to revise their strategic plan and fix the problem. The key elements to strategic planning is the mission, objectives, plan of action, resources needed, plan how to measure the performance, and evaluation plan. The mission statement needs focus on the expectations of how the employees will act when working in the organization. The objective should be produced by the staff that will be monitoring it. The objective needs be attainable and clear on the focus of behaviors. The action plan is coming up with steps on how to reach goal of the objectives. This is good place for coming up with ideas on how to change the ingrained behaviors and throw out the old plans that are not working. The resources is a big part of the strategic plan because this where the facility comes up with resources they may need to complete the action plan. The resources for changing ingrained behavior could be education, money needed for the changes, and so forth. The evaluation system is where the strategic plan is being monitor for effectiveness. Ways to evaluate if the strategic plan is successful for changing ingrained behaviors is through random audits in the facility watching employees, doing a survey, talking with the stakeholders of the facility to see if they have noticed a change (Liebler & McConnell, 2008 5th ed. ). The scientific management examines improving work place performance with using easy elements and systems. This type of plan should be used when it comes to changing work place behaviors because one of its focuses is on performances in work place (â€Å"Scientific Management Progression in Hr†, 2008).

Building Acts and Contracts

TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN COLLEGE SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY DIPLOMA IN TECHNOLOGY (QUANTITY SURVEYING) YEAR 2 ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013 ATGB3663 BUILDING ACTS AND CONTRACTS PROGRAMME : DQS2 GROUP : A LECTURER/ TUTOR : MR IVAN KWAY EU WAN Team Member| Student ID| Alaster Ang Han Wun| 11wtd01029| Chan Siang Leen| 11wtd04062| Chan Sze Haw| 11wtd05409| Chan Yew Jia| 11wtd01905| Chong Hong Seng| 11wtd05935| Table of Contents A) Clause 39 (1), (3), (4)3 B) Clause 42. 17 C) Clause 43 (a), (b), (c), (d)11 D) Clause 106 (1)16 E) Clause 107(1), (2), (3) and (4)16F) Explain the UBBL : part IV temporary works in connection with building operations22 References24 A) Clause 39 (1), (3), (4) Clause 39(1) * â€Å"Every room designed, adapted or used for residential, business or other purposes except hospitals and schools shall be provided with natural lighting and natural ventilation by means of one or more windows having a total area of not less than 10% of clear floor area of such room and shall have openings capable of allowing a free uninterrupted passage of air of not less than 5% of such floor area. * Date : November 28, 2012 * Location: Residential house at Taman Bunga Raya. * Site photos: * Discussion: – The room must be provided with natural lighting and ventilation with the area of window must be more than 10% of the floor area and the openings must not less than 5% of the floor area. – For this room, the floor area = 2. 62m x 3. 52m = 9. 22 m2 The window area = 1. 78m x 1. 195m = 2. 13 m2 Natural lighting = (2. 13 m2 / 9. 22m2) x 100% = 23. 1 % 23. 1 % > 10% (comply with UBBL) Natural ventilation = 23. 1% > 5% (comply with UBBL) Hence this room in Taman Bunga Raya is complying with Uniform Building By Law. Clause 39(3) * † Every room used for purpose of conducting classes in a school shall be provided with natural lighting and natural ventilation by means of one or more windows having a total area of not less than 20% of clear floor area of such rooms and sha ll have openings capable of allowing a free uninterrupted passage of air of not less than 10% of such floor area. † * Date: November 26, 2012 * Location: TARC Block M305 * Site photos: * Discussion: The classroom must be provided with natural lighting and ventilation with the area of window must be more than 20% of the floor area and the openings must not less than 10% of the floor area. * For this classroom, the floor area = 9. 08m x 7. 465m = 67. 78m2 The window area = 1. 785m x 1. 45m = 2. 59m2 6 windows = 6 x 2. 59m2 = 15. 54m2 Natural lighting = (15. 54m2/ 67. 78m2) x 100% = 22. 93% 22. 93% > 20% (comply with UBBL) Natural ventilation = 22. 93% > 10% (comply with UBBL) * So this classroom is complying with UBBL. Clause 39(4) â€Å"Every water- closet, latrine, urinal or bathroom shall be provided with natural lighting and natural ventilation by means of one or more openings having a total area of not less than 0. 2 square meters per water-closet, urinal latrine or bathro om and such openings shall be capable of allowing a free uninterrupted passage of air. † * Date: November 26, 2012 * Location: Toilet at residential house of Taman Bunga Raya. * Site photos: * Discussion: * There are one water-closet and one bathroom inside. * 2 x 0. 2 = 0. 4 * Area of window = 0. 625m x 0. 635m = 0. 40m2 Since the opening has a total area of 0. 40m2 which is equal, hence it complies with the UBBL. B) Clause 42. 1 * The area of first habitable room in a residential building shall be not less than 11 square meters, * Date : 30/11/12 * Location : Residential house at Kepong Baru * Site photos: * Discussion: -the area of room shall be not less than 11 square meters For this room, the area is = 10m x 13m =130m2 130m2 > 11m2 (comply with UBBL) -Hence this room area is comply with Uniform Building By Law * The area of second habitable room in a residential building shall be not less than 9. square meters, * Date : 30/11/12 * Location : Residential house at Kepong Ba ru * Site photo : * Discussion : -The area of room must be more than 9. 3 square meters; -Area of this room is 3. 5m2x 4m2 =14m2 14m2 > 9. 3m2 (Comply with UBBL) -Hence the second room area is comply with Uniform Building By Law * All the other rooms shall be not less than 6. 5 square meters in area * Date : 30/11/12 * Location : Residential house at Kepong Baru * Site photo : * Discussion : -The room area must be more than 6. 5 square meters -Area of the room is 2. 75m2 x 3. m2 = 8. 525m2 8. 525m2 > 6. 5m2 (Comply with UBBL) -The area of room is more than 6. 5m2 so it is comply with Uniform Building By Law Clause 42. 2 The width of every habitable room in a residential building shall be not less than 2 meters * The width of every room in a residential building must be more than 2 meters * Date : 30/11/12 * Location : Residential house at Kepong Baru * Site photo : * Discussion : -Refer to the photo above the width of room is 2. 75m -2. 75m > 2m (Comply with UBBL) -Hence this room i s comply with Uniform Building By Law Clause 42. 3The area and width of a kitchen in a residential building shall be not less than 4. 5 square meters and 1. 5 meters respectively * Area of a kitchen must be more than 4. 5 square meters and width must be more than 1. 5 meters * Date : 30/11/12 * Location : Residential house at Kepong Baru * Site photo : * Discussion : -The area of a kitchen is 7. 28m2 and width of kitchen is 2. 8m2 -Area 7. 28m2> 4. 5m2 (Comply with UBBL) -Width 2. 8m2> 1. 5m2 (Comply with UBBL) -Hence the area and width of kitchen is comply with Uniform Building By Law C) Clause 43 (a), (b), (c), (d)Clause 43 (a) * â€Å"†¦in the case of latrines or water-closets with pedestal-type close fittings, not less than 1. 5 metres by 0. 75 metre. † * Date: November 28, 2012 * Location: TARC Hostel Block J * Site photo: * Discussion: * Dimension of water closet : 1. 53m by 0. 85m * 1. 53m > 1. 5m and 0. 85m > 0. 75m, hence it complies with UBBL. Clause 43(b) * â €Å"†¦ in the case of water-closets with fittings other than pedestal-type close fittings, not less than 1. 25 metres by 0. 75 metre. † * Date: November 28, 2012 * Location: TARC Hostel Block J * Site photo: * Discussion: Dimension of water-closet: 1. 53m by 0. 85m * 1. 53m > 1. 25m and 0. 85m > 0. 75m, it complies with UBBL. Clause 43(c) * â€Å"†¦in the case of bathrooms, not less than 1. 5 square metres with a width of not less than 0. 75 metre. † * Date: November 28, 2012 * Location: TARC Hostel Block J * Site photo: * Discussion: * Area of bathroom = 1. 37m x 0. 86m = 1. 18m2 1. 18m2< 1. 5m2 (not comply with UBBL) Width = 0. 86m > 0. 75m (comply with UBBL) * Although the width of the bathroom in TARC Hostel is 0. 86m which comply with UBBL, but the area of the bathroom is too small which is 1. 8m2 and it did not meet the minimum requirement stated in UBBL which is 1. 5m2. Hence, this bathroom is not complying with UBBL. * Recommendation – we can i ncrease the area of the bathroom by increasing the length of the bathroom to at least 1. 75m. Clause 43(d) * â€Å"†¦in the case the bathrooms with close fittings, not less than 2 square metres with a width of not less than 0. 75 metre. † * Date: November 28, 2012 * Location: Bathroom in residential house at Taman Bunga Raya. * Site photo: * Discussion * Area of the bathroom = 1. 5m x 1. 5m =2. 25m2 2. 25m2> 2m2 (comply with UBBL)Width = 1. 5m > 0. 75m (comply with UBBL) * Since the area of the bathroom is bigger than 2m2 and the width is more than 0. 75m, they all met the minimum dimensions required by UBBL. Hence, the bathroom with closet fittings in Taman Bunga Raya complies with UBBL. D) Clause 106 (1) 106(1)-In any staircase, the rise of any staircase shall be not more than 180mm and the tread shall not less than 255mm and the dimensions of the rise and the tread of the staircase so chosen shall be uniform and consistent throughout. * Date: November 28, 2012 * Locat ion: TARC Bangunan Tan Siew Sin * Site photo: Discussion: * Dimension of staircases: 312mm x 133mm * 180mm > 133mm and 312mm > 255, it complies with UBBL. E) Clause 107(1), (2), (3) and (4) 107(1)-Except for staircase of less than 4 risers, all staircases shall be provided with at least one handrail. * Date: November 28, 2012 * Location: TARC Block A * Site photo: * Discussion: 4 risers< /= 4 risers, so no need handrail and it complies with UBBL. 107(2)-Staircases exceeding 2225mm in width shall be provided with intermediate handrail for each 2225mm of required width spaced approximately. * Date: November 28, 2012 Location: TARC Bangunan Tan Siew Sin * Site photo: * Discussion: * Dimension of staircases: 5420mm * 5420mm > 2225mm, it complies with UBBL. Clause 107(3)-In building other than residential buildings, a handrail shall be provided on each side of the staircase when the width of the staircase is 1100 mm or more. In these clause state that all the buildings except residential building, if the width of the staircase is equal or more than 1100mm, which is 1. 1m, handrail should be provided on each side of the staircase. * Date : 28th November 2012 * Venue : Staircase beside DK A, TAR College Site Photo: * Discussion : Width of staircase = 2. 53m, 2530mm – 2530mm > 1100mm (stated in UBBL) so this staircase needed handrail on both sides. – This staircase is installed with both sides handrail, hence this staircase is comply with UBBL. Clause 107(4)-All handrails shall project not more than 100mmfrom the face of the finished wall†¦(†¦) This is the first part of Clause 107. (4) in UBBL, which means that if there is a handrail attached to the wall, the handrail should be projected out from the wall with a length of not more than 100 mm * Date : 28th November 2012 Venue : TAR College Cyber Centre * Site Photo : * Discussion : Total length projected out = 9. 3cm, 93mm – 93mm 840mm >825mm (stated in UBBL) -Since the height of handrai l is in the range of 825mm to 900mm, so it is comply with the UBBL. Clause 107 (4)-(†¦)†¦provided that handrails to landings shall not be less than 900mm from the level of the landing. This is the last part of Clause 107. (4) in UBBL. From this sentence show that the handrail at landing area should have the height of not less than 900mm measured from the landing. * Date : 28 November 2012 * Venue : TAR College Cyber Centre * Site Photo : Discussion : Height of handrail= 86. 5cm,865mm -865mm

Free Essays on Galileo

Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei was born at Pisa on the 18th of February in 1564. His father, Vincenzo Galilei, belonged to a noble family and had gained some distinction as a musician and a mathematician. At an early age, Galileo manifested his ability to learn both mathematical and mechanical types of things, but his parents, wishing to turn him aside from studies which promised no substantial return, steered him toward some sort of medical profession. But this had no effect on Galileo. During his youth he was allowed to follow the path that he wished to. Although in the popular mind Galileo is remembered chiefly as an astronomer, however, the science of mechanics and dynamics pretty much owe their existence to his findings. Before he was twenty, observation of the oscillations of a swinging lamp in the cathedral of Pisa led him to the discovery of the isochronism of the pendulum, which theory he utilized fifty years later in the construction of an astronomical clock. In 1588, an essay on the center of gravity in solids obtained for him the title of the Archimedes of his time, and secured him a teaching spot in the University of Pisa. During the years immediately following, taking advantage of the celebrated leaning tower, he laid the foundation experimentally of the theory of falling bodies and demonstrated the falsity of the peripatetic maxim, which is that an objects rate of descent is proportional to its weight. When he challenged this it made all of the followers of Aristotle extremely angry, they would not except the fact that their leader could have been wrong. Galileo, in result of this and other troubles, found it prudent to quit Pisa and move to Florence, the original home of his family. In Florence he was nominated by the Venetian Senate in 1592 to the chair of mathematics in the University of Padua, which he occupied for eighteen years, with ever-increasing fame. After that he was ap... Free Essays on Galileo Free Essays on Galileo The Life and Times of Galileo Galileio Galileo Galilei was born at Pisa on the 18th of February in 1564. His father, Vincenzo Galilei, belonged to a noble family and had gained some distinction as a musician and a mathematician. At an early age, Galileo manifested his ability to learn both mathematical and mechanical types of things, but his parents, wishing to turn him aside from studies, which promised no substantial return, steered him toward some sort of medical profession. But this had no effect on Galileo. During his youth he was allowed to follow the path that he wished to. Although in the popular mind Galileo is remembered chiefly as an astronomer, however, the science of mechanics and dynamics pretty much owe their existence to his findings. Before he was twenty, observation of the oscillations of a swinging lamp in the cathedral of Pisa led him to the discovery of the isochronisms of the pendulum, which theory he utilized fifty years later in the construction of an astronomical clock. In 1588, an essay on the center of gravity in solids obtained for him the title of the Archimedes of his time, and secured him a teaching spot in the University of Pisa. During the years immediately following, taking advantage of the celebrated leaning tower, he laid the foundation experimentally of the theory of falling bodies and demonstrated the falsity of the peripatetic maxim, which is that an objects rate of descent is proportional to its weight. When he challenged this it made all of the followers of Aristotle extremely angry, they would not accept the fact that their leader could have been wrong. Galileo, in result of this and other troubles, found it prudent to quit Pisa and move to Florence, the original home of his family. In Florence the Venetian Senate nominated him in 1592 to the chair of mathematics in the University of Padua, which he occupied for eighteen years, with ever-increasing fame. After that he was appointed philoso... Free Essays on Galileo Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei was born at Pisa on the 18th of February in 1564. His father, Vincenzo Galilei, belonged to a noble family and had gained some distinction as a musician and a mathematician. At an early age, Galileo manifested his ability to learn both mathematical and mechanical types of things, but his parents, wishing to turn him aside from studies which promised no substantial return, steered him toward some sort of medical profession. But this had no effect on Galileo. During his youth he was allowed to follow the path that he wished to. Although in the popular mind Galileo is remembered chiefly as an astronomer, however, the science of mechanics and dynamics pretty much owe their existence to his findings. Before he was twenty, observation of the oscillations of a swinging lamp in the cathedral of Pisa led him to the discovery of the isochronism of the pendulum, which theory he utilized fifty years later in the construction of an astronomical clock. In 1588, an essay on the center of gravity in solids obtained for him the title of the Archimedes of his time, and secured him a teaching spot in the University of Pisa. During the years immediately following, taking advantage of the celebrated leaning tower, he laid the foundation experimentally of the theory of falling bodies and demonstrated the falsity of the peripatetic maxim, which is that an objects rate of descent is proportional to its weight. When he challenged this it made all of the followers of Aristotle extremely angry, they would not except the fact that their leader could have been wrong. Galileo, in result of this and other troubles, found it prudent to quit Pisa and move to Florence, the original home of his family. In Florence he was nominated by the Venetian Senate in 1592 to the chair of mathematics in the University of Padua, which he occupied for eighteen years, with ever-increasing fame. After that he was ap...

Earth's Magnetic Field Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Earth's Magnetic Field - Research Paper Example The research paper "Earth's Magnetic Field" talks about the magnetic field which is the area which is under the influence of magnetic force and is a vector quantity, i.e. it is denoted in terms of a direction and magnitude, and is measured in Teslas in SI units which are equivalent to (Newton x second)/(coulomb x meter). The magnetic field allows human beings to produce many important devices. The relationship between magnetic field and electric current has enabled humans to produce electric currents in all electric devices such as blenders and power turbines. The magnetic field of Earth is similar to that produced by a bar magnet. The circulating electric currents surrounding the Earth’s surface and in the metallic core of Earth are the source of Earth’s magnetic force. The dynamo effect of these circulating electric charges helps in creating a magnetic field. The rotation is known to be the cause of the production of electric charges and dynamo effect. The area under the influence of Earth’s magnetic force is known as Magnetosphere. A scientist Mariner 2 discovered that the magnetic field of Venus is not as strong as that of Earth. Though the iron content of these two planets is almost same, yet the strength of magnetic field is different. The reason for the difference is the s peed of movement of these two planets. Earth takes 235 days to complete a rotation whereas Venus takes 243 days. The rotation period of Venus is too slow to result in dynamo effect. The evidence of this was found on rocks.

Aristotle and Kant on Ethical Theory and Practice Essay

Aristotle and Kant on Ethical Theory and Practice - Essay Example On the other hand, relativists believe that ethics is a human invention and that â€Å"all ethical standards are relative† hence there are â€Å"no permanent, universal, objective values or standards† (Mizzoni 11, 191). LeBar asserts that individual people create own moral standards and that these standards change from society to society throughout time and the world (185). This is what is often referred as cultural relativism. Kant is strong objectivists as he emphasises that ethical duties are absolute and categorical while Aristotle insists that human beings are rational and moral virtue is developed through habit. He is thus a relativist. I would argue in favour of Aristotle that ethical standards vary with contexts, individuals and societies. Consider such practices as polygamy, homosexuality, and female genital mutilation. Are these practices right or wrong? If we look at polygamy it is a norm in some communities especially African communities but not acceptable in western communities. Some individuals view homosexuality as right while others consider it wrong depending on their religious inclinations and personal values. For genital mutilation, it was often practiced by early communities but in modern communities it is considered wrong even though some communities still practice it. How are these actions to be judged? By which ethical standards? If we argue that ethical standards are universal and applicable to all regardless of their opinion or beliefs then it would mean all these practices are wrong but this is not the case; they are right in some societies and wrong in others. This supports Aristotle’s view that moral virtue is developed by habits (Moral Philosophy n.p). In this case, good habits form the bui lding blocks of good moral character and that man has power to control his own actions since he is rational. They then reflect on these actions and perfect them if they are good but in the process, they must have a good role model